A review of Gammiella Broth. in Africa : with a range extension to the East African islands and southern Africa

Gammiella ceylonensis (Broth. in Herzog) W.R.Buck & B.C.Tan is the only species of the genus in Africa. Clastobryella pusilla (Thér.) Wijk & Margad., recorded from Madagascar, the only member of the genus still recorded on the moss checklist for Africa, is a synonym of Gammiella ceylonensis. Clastobryella foliicola P.de la Varde is not a synonym of Gammiella ceylonensis but probably an Ectropothecium, thus removing the only west African record for Gammiella. An extension of range into South Africa is also noted, so Gammiella is now known from east and southern Africa and Madagascar

Keep on Keeping On : African Americans and the Implementation of Brown v. Board of Education in Virginia

This chapter examines African American efforts to implement the Brown decision in Virginia. While considering how government officials, segregationist organizations, and white supporters influenced the implementation process, this study focuses on how the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People and its supporters in Virginia sought to bring about school desegregation in the state. Blending African American, southern, legal, and civil rights history, the story sheds new light on the school desegregation process and the early years of the civil rights movement in Virginia

Gauge-Invariant Localization of Infinitely Many Gravitational Energies from all Possible Auxiliary Structures, Or, Why Pseudotensors are Okay

The problem of finding a covariant expression for the distribution and conservation of gravitational energy-momentum dates to the 1910s. A suitably covariant infinite-component localization is displayed, reflecting Bergmann's realization that there are infinitely many conserved gravitational energy-momenta. Initially use is made of a flat background metric or connection (or rather, all of them), because the desired gauge invariance properties are obvious. Partial gauge-fixing then yields an appropriate covariant quantity without any background metric or connection; one version is the collection of pseudotensors of a given type, such as the Einstein pseudotensor, in_every_ coordinate system. This solution to the gauge covariance problem is easily adapted to any pseudotensorial expression or to any tensorial expression built with a background metric or connection. Thus the specific functional form can be chosen on technical grounds such as relating to Noether's theorem and yielding expected values of conserved quantities in certain contexts and then rendered covariant using the procedure described here. The application to angular momentum localization is straightforward. Traditional objections to pseudotensors are based largely on the false assumption that there is only one gravitational energy rather than infinitely many.Comment: Proceedings of the DPF-2009 Conference, Detroit, MI, July 27-31, 200

A revision of the genus Radulina W.R.Buck & B.C.Tan (Sematophyllaceae: Bryopsida)

The palaeotropic moss genus Radulina W.R.Buck & B.C.Tan is revised, resulting in the genus being reduced to four species and one variety. The following 14 names become synonyms of the oldest name in the genus, Radulina borbonica (Bél.) W.R.Buck: Hypnum hamatum Dozy & Molk., Sematophyllum subinstratum Besch., Hypnum trachyamphorum Müll.Hal., Sigmatella hamicuspis Müll.Hal. in Paris, nom. nud., Trichosteleum borbonicum var. brachycarpum Renauld & Cardot, Trichosteleum subtile Broth. & Watts, Trichosteleum aequoreum M.Fleisch. ex Dixon, Trichosteleum elegantissimum M.Fleisch., Trichosteleum elegantissima var. scabriseta M.Fleisch., Trichosteleum hamatum var. glabriseta M.Fleisch., Trichosteleum hamatum var. tuberculisetum M.Fleisch., Trichosteleum carolinarum Dixon, Trichosteleum neocaledonicum Thér, Trichosteleum flexuosa-hamatum Dixon. In addition, three of these taxa are lectotypified: Trichosteleum subtile Broth. & Watts, Trichosteleum aequoreum M.Fleisch. ex Dixon and Trichosteleum hamatum var. tuberculisetum M.Fleisch. The following are new combinations: Radulina borbonica var. ferriei (Cardot & Thér. in Thér.) O’Shea (= Radulina hamata var. ferriei (Cardot & Thér. in Thér.) B.C.Tan & Y.Jia), Radulina sematophylloides (Dixon) O’Shea (= Trichosteleum sematophylloides Dixon) and Trichosteleum koghiense (Thér.) O’Shea (= Trichosteleum neocaledonicum var. koghiense Thér.)

Notes on Seychelles mosses : 6., a generic revision of Clastobryophilum M. Fleisch. (Sematophyllaceae, Bryopsida)

The genus Clastobryophilum M. Fleisch. (Sematophyllaceae, Bryopsida) is reviewed, and two species are maintained: C. bogoricum (Bosch & Sande Lac.) M.Fleisch. and C. balansaeanum (Besch.) Broth. C. rufo-viride (Besch.) M.Fleisch. of Madagascar and Seychelles, the only African species, becomes a synonym of the Asian C. bogoricum, as does C. asperifolium (Thwaites & Mitt.) B.C.Tan of Sri Lanka. Several collections named as Clastobryophilum, including the type of C. bogoricum var. laevibogoricum (Dixon) Seki in Nog., are excluded from the genus

Notes on Seychelles mosses : 5., mosses of Frégate Island

In May 1997, the first collections of bryophytes were made on Frégate island, Seychelles. A list of collections is provided. Fissidens sciophyllus is recorded for the first time from the Seychelles